Acne & Acne Scarring

What is acne?
Acne is a common skin condition that affects people of all ages, though it’s most prevalent in teenagers and young adults. It occurs when hair follicles become clogged with oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and bacteria, leading to inflammation and the appearance of:
- Whiteheads and blackheads (comedones)
- Papules and pustules (inflamed pimples)
- Cysts and nodules (severe, deeper blemishes)
Acne most commonly appears on the face, chest, back, and shoulders.
What causes acne?
Several factors contribute to the development of acne:
- Hormonal changes – especially during puberty, menstruation, or due to conditions like PCOS
- Excess oil production by the skin’s sebaceous glands
- Bacterial overgrowth (especially Cutibacterium acnes)
- Clogged pores from dead skin buildup
- Diet, stress, and lifestyle habits may also play a role
Genetics, certain medications, and the use of comedogenic skin products can further aggravate acne.
Types & grades of acne
- Mild (grade 1)- Mostly non-inflammatory, presence of blackheads & whiteheads, typically confined to the forehead, nose & chin (T-zone), little to no redness or swelling.
- Moderate (grade 2)- More inflammatory lesions present, includes papules (small red bumps) & a few pustules (pus-filled pimples), may affect larger areas such as cheeks & jawline, mild scarring may begin.
- Moderate (grade 3) -Many inflamed papules & pustules, may involve the face, back or chest
- Moderately severe (grade 4)- Widespread inflammatory lesions (face, chest, back & shoulders, numerous papules, pustules & occasional nodules, higher risk of post-inflammatory pigmentation and scarring.
- Severe/Nodulocystic (grade 5) -Deep, painful nodules & cysts, extensive inflammation & redness, often resistant to over-the-counter treatments, high risk of permanent scarring, requires medical professional intervention.
Only mild to moderate acne (grades 1-3) can be treated without seeing a doctor or dermatologist. This is because nodules, cysts, or widespread inflammation often go beyond what a laser can treat safely. Lasers might worsen these conditions or trigger scarring without concurrent medical therapy. Severe cases often need oral antibiotics, hormonal therapy, or isotretinoin, which must be prescribed and monitored by a dermatologist.
How does laser acne treatment work?
The Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser emits high-intensity pulses of light that penetrate deep into the skin without damaging the surface. It works in several ways:
For Active Acne:
- Destroys acne-causing bacteria (C. acnes) in the pores
- Reduces inflammation and oil production
- Shrinks sebaceous (oil) glands, helping to prevent future breakouts
What are the benefits of acne laser treatment?
- Non-invasive with minimal to no downtime
- Reduces redness, pigmentation, and active acne
- Kills the bacteria that causes acne
- Reduces inflammation
- Decreases sebum production, leading to fewer breakouts.
- Improves skin texture, tone, and clarity
- Promotes collagen remodeling for scar reduction
- Can be combined with other treatments for enhanced results
Acne Scarring
Acne scarring occurs when severe or persistent acne damages the deeper layers of skin. When the skin tries to heal itself, it may produce too much or too little collagen, resulting in:
- Atrophic scars (depressed scars like icepick, boxcar, and rolling scars)
- Hypertrophic or keloid scars (raised scars, more common on the chest and back)
- Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) – dark spots left behind after acne heals
These scars can significantly affect confidence and are often difficult to treat with over-the-counter products alone.
What are the benefits of laser treatments for acne scarring?
- Reduces the appearance of scars
- Breaks down pigmentation from post-acne dark spots (PIH)
- Stimulates collagen and elastin production, helping to smooth indented or uneven skin texture over time
- Promotes new skin cell growth
- Improves overall skin tone, clarity, and radiance